CircuiTikZ
version 1.8.7 (2026/09/12)

\(\newcommand{\footnotename}{footnote}\) \(\def \LWRfootnote {1}\) \(\newcommand {\footnote }[2][\LWRfootnote ]{{}^{\mathrm {#1}}}\) \(\newcommand {\footnotemark }[1][\LWRfootnote ]{{}^{\mathrm {#1}}}\) \(\let \LWRorighspace \hspace \) \(\renewcommand {\hspace }{\ifstar \LWRorighspace \LWRorighspace }\) \(\newcommand {\TextOrMath }[2]{#2}\) \(\newcommand {\mathnormal }[1]{{#1}}\) \(\newcommand \ensuremath [1]{#1}\) \(\newcommand {\LWRframebox }[2][]{\fbox {#2}} \newcommand {\framebox }[1][]{\LWRframebox } \) \(\newcommand {\setlength }[2]{}\) \(\newcommand {\addtolength }[2]{}\) \(\newcommand {\setcounter }[2]{}\) \(\newcommand {\addtocounter }[2]{}\) \(\newcommand {\arabic }[1]{}\) \(\newcommand {\number }[1]{}\) \(\newcommand {\noalign }[1]{\text {#1}\notag \\}\) \(\newcommand {\cline }[1]{}\) \(\newcommand {\directlua }[1]{\text {(directlua)}}\) \(\newcommand {\luatexdirectlua }[1]{\text {(directlua)}}\) \(\newcommand {\protect }{}\) \(\def \LWRabsorbnumber #1 {}\) \(\def \LWRabsorbquotenumber "#1 {}\) \(\newcommand {\LWRabsorboption }[1][]{}\) \(\newcommand {\LWRabsorbtwooptions }[1][]{\LWRabsorboption }\) \(\def \mathchar {\ifnextchar "\LWRabsorbquotenumber \LWRabsorbnumber }\) \(\def \mathcode #1={\mathchar }\) \(\let \delcode \mathcode \) \(\let \delimiter \mathchar \) \(\def \oe {\unicode {x0153}}\) \(\def \OE {\unicode {x0152}}\) \(\def \ae {\unicode {x00E6}}\) \(\def \AE {\unicode {x00C6}}\) \(\def \aa {\unicode {x00E5}}\) \(\def \AA {\unicode {x00C5}}\) \(\def \o {\unicode {x00F8}}\) \(\def \O {\unicode {x00D8}}\) \(\def \l {\unicode {x0142}}\) \(\def \L {\unicode {x0141}}\) \(\def \ss {\unicode {x00DF}}\) \(\def \SS {\unicode {x1E9E}}\) \(\def \dag {\unicode {x2020}}\) \(\def \ddag {\unicode {x2021}}\) \(\def \P {\unicode {x00B6}}\) \(\def \copyright {\unicode {x00A9}}\) \(\def \pounds {\unicode {x00A3}}\) \(\let \LWRref \ref \) \(\renewcommand {\ref }{\ifstar \LWRref \LWRref }\) \( \newcommand {\multicolumn }[3]{#3}\) \(\require {textcomp}\) \(\newcommand {\tothe }[1]{^{#1}}\) \(\newcommand {\raiseto }[2]{{#2}^{#1}}\) \(\newcommand {\LWRsiunitxEND }{}\) \(\def \LWRsiunitxang #1;#2;#3;#4\LWRsiunitxEND {\ifblank {#1}{}{\num {#1}\degree }\ifblank {#2}{}{\num {#2}^{\unicode {x2032}}}\ifblank {#3}{}{\num {#3}^{\unicode {x2033}}}}\) \(\newcommand {\ang }[2][]{\LWRsiunitxang #2;;;\LWRsiunitxEND }\) \(\def \LWRsiunitxdistribunit {}\) \(\newcommand {\LWRsiunitxENDTWO }{}\) \(\def \LWRsiunitxprintdecimalsubtwo #1,#2,#3\LWRsiunitxENDTWO {\ifblank {#1}{0}{\mathrm {#1}}\ifblank {#2}{}{{\LWRsiunitxdecimal }\mathrm {#2}}}\) \(\def \LWRsiunitxprintdecimalsub #1.#2.#3\LWRsiunitxEND {\LWRsiunitxprintdecimalsubtwo #1,,\LWRsiunitxENDTWO \ifblank {#2}{}{{\LWRsiunitxdecimal }\LWRsiunitxprintdecimalsubtwo #2,,\LWRsiunitxENDTWO }}\) \(\newcommand {\LWRsiunitxprintdecimal }[1]{\LWRsiunitxprintdecimalsub #1...\LWRsiunitxEND }\) \(\def \LWRsiunitxnumplus #1+#2+#3\LWRsiunitxEND {\ifblank {#2}{\LWRsiunitxprintdecimal {#1}}{\ifblank {#1}{\LWRsiunitxprintdecimal {#2}}{\LWRsiunitxprintdecimal {#1}\unicode {x02B}\LWRsiunitxprintdecimal {#2}}}\LWRsiunitxdistribunit }\) \(\def \LWRsiunitxnumminus #1-#2-#3\LWRsiunitxEND {\ifblank {#2}{\LWRsiunitxnumplus #1+++\LWRsiunitxEND }{\ifblank {#1}{}{\LWRsiunitxprintdecimal {#1}}\unicode {x02212}\LWRsiunitxprintdecimal {#2}\LWRsiunitxdistribunit }}\) \(\def \LWRsiunitxnumpmmacro #1\pm #2\pm #3\LWRsiunitxEND {\ifblank {#2}{\LWRsiunitxnumminus #1---\LWRsiunitxEND }{\LWRsiunitxprintdecimal {#1}\unicode {x0B1}\LWRsiunitxprintdecimal {#2}\LWRsiunitxdistribunit }}\) \(\def \LWRsiunitxnumpm #1+-#2+-#3\LWRsiunitxEND {\ifblank {#2}{\LWRsiunitxnumpmmacro #1\pm \pm \pm \LWRsiunitxEND }{\LWRsiunitxprintdecimal {#1}\unicode {x0B1}\LWRsiunitxprintdecimal {#2}\LWRsiunitxdistribunit }}\) \(\newcommand {\LWRsiunitxnumscientific }[2]{\ifblank {#1}{}{\ifstrequal {#1}{-}{-}{\LWRsiunitxprintdecimal {#1}\times }}10^{\LWRsiunitxprintdecimal {#2}}\LWRsiunitxdistribunit }\) \(\def \LWRsiunitxnumD #1D#2D#3\LWRsiunitxEND {\ifblank {#2}{\LWRsiunitxnumpm #1+-+-\LWRsiunitxEND }{\mathrm {\LWRsiunitxnumscientific {#1}{#2}}}}\) \(\def \LWRsiunitxnumd #1d#2d#3\LWRsiunitxEND {\ifblank {#2}{\LWRsiunitxnumD #1DDD\LWRsiunitxEND }{\mathrm {\LWRsiunitxnumscientific {#1}{#2}}}}\) \(\def \LWRsiunitxnumE #1E#2E#3\LWRsiunitxEND {\ifblank {#2}{\LWRsiunitxnumd #1ddd\LWRsiunitxEND }{\mathrm {\LWRsiunitxnumscientific {#1}{#2}}}}\) \(\def \LWRsiunitxnume #1e#2e#3\LWRsiunitxEND {\ifblank {#2}{\LWRsiunitxnumE #1EEE\LWRsiunitxEND }{\mathrm {\LWRsiunitxnumscientific {#1}{#2}}}}\) \(\def \LWRsiunitxnumx #1x#2x#3x#4\LWRsiunitxEND {\ifblank {#2}{\LWRsiunitxnume #1eee\LWRsiunitxEND }{\ifblank {#3}{\LWRsiunitxnume #1eee\LWRsiunitxEND \times \LWRsiunitxnume #2eee\LWRsiunitxEND }{\LWRsiunitxnume #1eee\LWRsiunitxEND \times \LWRsiunitxnume #2eee\LWRsiunitxEND \times \LWRsiunitxnume #3eee\LWRsiunitxEND }}}\) \(\newcommand {\num }[2][]{\LWRsiunitxnumx #2xxxxx\LWRsiunitxEND }\) \(\newcommand {\si }[2][]{\mathrm {\gsubstitute {#2}{~}{\,}}}\) \(\def \LWRsiunitxSIopt #1[#2]#3{\def \LWRsiunitxdistribunit {\,\si {#3}}{#2}\num {#1}\def \LWRsiunitxdistribunit {}}\) \(\newcommand {\LWRsiunitxSI }[2]{\def \LWRsiunitxdistribunit {\,\si {#2}}\num {#1}\def \LWRsiunitxdistribunit {}}\) \(\newcommand {\SI }[2][]{\ifnextchar [{\LWRsiunitxSIopt {#2}}{\LWRsiunitxSI {#2}}}\) \(\newcommand {\numlist }[2][]{\text {#2}}\) \(\newcommand {\numrange }[3][]{\num {#2}\ \LWRsiunitxrangephrase \ \num {#3}}\) \(\newcommand {\SIlist }[3][]{\text {#2}\,\si {#3}}\) \(\newcommand {\SIrange }[4][]{\num {#2}\,#4\ \LWRsiunitxrangephrase \ \num {#3}\,#4}\) \(\newcommand {\tablenum }[2][]{\mathrm {#2}}\) \(\newcommand {\ampere }{\mathrm {A}}\) \(\newcommand {\candela }{\mathrm {cd}}\) \(\newcommand {\kelvin }{\mathrm {K}}\) \(\newcommand {\kilogram }{\mathrm {kg}}\) \(\newcommand {\metre }{\mathrm {m}}\) \(\newcommand {\mole }{\mathrm {mol}}\) \(\newcommand {\second }{\mathrm {s}}\) \(\newcommand {\becquerel }{\mathrm {Bq}}\) \(\newcommand {\degreeCelsius }{\unicode {x2103}}\) \(\newcommand {\coulomb }{\mathrm {C}}\) \(\newcommand {\farad }{\mathrm {F}}\) \(\newcommand {\gray }{\mathrm {Gy}}\) \(\newcommand {\hertz }{\mathrm {Hz}}\) \(\newcommand {\henry }{\mathrm {H}}\) \(\newcommand {\joule }{\mathrm {J}}\) \(\newcommand {\katal }{\mathrm {kat}}\) \(\newcommand {\lumen }{\mathrm {lm}}\) \(\newcommand {\lux }{\mathrm {lx}}\) \(\newcommand {\newton }{\mathrm {N}}\) \(\newcommand {\ohm }{\mathrm {\Omega }}\) \(\newcommand {\pascal }{\mathrm {Pa}}\) \(\newcommand {\radian }{\mathrm {rad}}\) \(\newcommand {\siemens }{\mathrm {S}}\) \(\newcommand {\sievert }{\mathrm {Sv}}\) \(\newcommand {\steradian }{\mathrm {sr}}\) \(\newcommand {\tesla }{\mathrm {T}}\) \(\newcommand {\volt }{\mathrm {V}}\) \(\newcommand {\watt }{\mathrm {W}}\) \(\newcommand {\weber }{\mathrm {Wb}}\) \(\newcommand {\day }{\mathrm {d}}\) \(\newcommand {\degree }{\mathrm {^\circ }}\) \(\newcommand {\hectare }{\mathrm {ha}}\) \(\newcommand {\hour }{\mathrm {h}}\) \(\newcommand {\litre }{\mathrm {l}}\) \(\newcommand {\liter }{\mathrm {L}}\) \(\newcommand {\arcminute }{^\prime }\) \(\newcommand {\minute }{\mathrm {min}}\) \(\newcommand {\arcsecond }{^{\prime \prime }}\) \(\newcommand {\tonne }{\mathrm {t}}\) \(\newcommand {\astronomicalunit }{au}\) \(\newcommand {\atomicmassunit }{u}\) \(\newcommand {\bohr }{\mathit {a}_0}\) \(\newcommand {\clight }{\mathit {c}_0}\) \(\newcommand {\dalton }{\mathrm {D}_\mathrm {a}}\) \(\newcommand {\electronmass }{\mathit {m}_{\mathrm {e}}}\) \(\newcommand {\electronvolt }{\mathrm {eV}}\) \(\newcommand {\elementarycharge }{\mathit {e}}\) \(\newcommand {\hartree }{\mathit {E}_{\mathrm {h}}}\) \(\newcommand {\planckbar }{\mathit {\unicode {x210F}}}\) \(\newcommand {\angstrom }{\mathrm {\unicode {x212B}}}\) \(\let \LWRorigbar \bar \) \(\newcommand {\bar }{\mathrm {bar}}\) \(\newcommand {\barn }{\mathrm {b}}\) \(\newcommand {\bel }{\mathrm {B}}\) \(\newcommand {\decibel }{\mathrm {dB}}\) \(\newcommand {\knot }{\mathrm {kn}}\) \(\newcommand {\mmHg }{\mathrm {mmHg}}\) \(\newcommand {\nauticalmile }{\mathrm {M}}\) \(\newcommand {\neper }{\mathrm {Np}}\) \(\newcommand {\yocto }{\mathrm {y}}\) \(\newcommand {\zepto }{\mathrm {z}}\) \(\newcommand {\atto }{\mathrm {a}}\) \(\newcommand {\femto }{\mathrm {f}}\) \(\newcommand {\pico }{\mathrm {p}}\) \(\newcommand {\nano }{\mathrm {n}}\) \(\newcommand {\micro }{\mathrm {\unicode {x00B5}}}\) \(\newcommand {\milli }{\mathrm {m}}\) \(\newcommand {\centi }{\mathrm {c}}\) \(\newcommand {\deci }{\mathrm {d}}\) \(\newcommand {\deca }{\mathrm {da}}\) \(\newcommand {\hecto }{\mathrm {h}}\) \(\newcommand {\kilo }{\mathrm {k}}\) \(\newcommand {\mega }{\mathrm {M}}\) \(\newcommand {\giga }{\mathrm {G}}\) \(\newcommand {\tera }{\mathrm {T}}\) \(\newcommand {\peta }{\mathrm {P}}\) \(\newcommand {\exa }{\mathrm {E}}\) \(\newcommand {\zetta }{\mathrm {Z}}\) \(\newcommand {\yotta }{\mathrm {Y}}\) \(\newcommand {\percent }{\mathrm {\%}}\) \(\newcommand {\meter }{\mathrm {m}}\) \(\newcommand {\metre }{\mathrm {m}}\) \(\newcommand {\gram }{\mathrm {g}}\) \(\newcommand {\kg }{\kilo \gram }\) \(\newcommand {\of }[1]{_{\mathrm {#1}}}\) \(\newcommand {\squared }{^2}\) \(\newcommand {\square }[1]{\mathrm {#1}^2}\) \(\newcommand {\cubed }{^3}\) \(\newcommand {\cubic }[1]{\mathrm {#1}^3}\) \(\newcommand {\per }{\,\mathrm {/}}\) \(\newcommand {\celsius }{\unicode {x2103}}\) \(\newcommand {\fg }{\femto \gram }\) \(\newcommand {\pg }{\pico \gram }\) \(\newcommand {\ng }{\nano \gram }\) \(\newcommand {\ug }{\micro \gram }\) \(\newcommand {\mg }{\milli \gram }\) \(\newcommand {\g }{\gram }\) \(\newcommand {\kg }{\kilo \gram }\) \(\newcommand {\amu }{\mathrm {u}}\) \(\newcommand {\pm }{\pico \metre }\) \(\newcommand {\nm }{\nano \metre }\) \(\newcommand {\um }{\micro \metre }\) \(\newcommand {\mm }{\milli \metre }\) \(\newcommand {\cm }{\centi \metre }\) \(\newcommand {\dm }{\deci \metre }\) \(\newcommand {\m }{\metre }\) \(\newcommand {\km }{\kilo \metre }\) \(\newcommand {\as }{\atto \second }\) \(\newcommand {\fs }{\femto \second }\) \(\newcommand {\ps }{\pico \second }\) \(\newcommand {\ns }{\nano \second }\) \(\newcommand {\us }{\micro \second }\) \(\newcommand {\ms }{\milli \second }\) \(\newcommand {\s }{\second }\) \(\newcommand {\fmol }{\femto \mol }\) \(\newcommand {\pmol }{\pico \mol }\) \(\newcommand {\nmol }{\nano \mol }\) \(\newcommand {\umol }{\micro \mol }\) \(\newcommand {\mmol }{\milli \mol }\) \(\newcommand {\mol }{\mol }\) \(\newcommand {\kmol }{\kilo \mol }\) \(\newcommand {\pA }{\pico \ampere }\) \(\newcommand {\nA }{\nano \ampere }\) \(\newcommand {\uA }{\micro \ampere }\) \(\newcommand {\mA }{\milli \ampere }\) \(\newcommand {\A }{\ampere }\) \(\newcommand {\kA }{\kilo \ampere }\) \(\newcommand {\ul }{\micro \litre }\) \(\newcommand {\ml }{\milli \litre }\) \(\newcommand {\l }{\litre }\) \(\newcommand {\hl }{\hecto \litre }\) \(\newcommand {\uL }{\micro \liter }\) \(\newcommand {\mL }{\milli \liter }\) \(\newcommand {\L }{\liter }\) \(\newcommand {\hL }{\hecto \liter }\) \(\newcommand {\mHz }{\milli \hertz }\) \(\newcommand {\Hz }{\hertz }\) \(\newcommand {\kHz }{\kilo \hertz }\) \(\newcommand {\MHz }{\mega \hertz }\) \(\newcommand {\GHz }{\giga \hertz }\) \(\newcommand {\THz }{\tera \hertz }\) \(\newcommand {\mN }{\milli \newton }\) \(\newcommand {\N }{\newton }\) \(\newcommand {\kN }{\kilo \newton }\) \(\newcommand {\MN }{\mega \newton }\) \(\newcommand {\Pa }{\pascal }\) \(\newcommand {\kPa }{\kilo \pascal }\) \(\newcommand {\MPa }{\mega \pascal }\) \(\newcommand {\GPa }{\giga \pascal }\) \(\newcommand {\mohm }{\milli \ohm }\) \(\newcommand {\kohm }{\kilo \ohm }\) \(\newcommand {\Mohm }{\mega \ohm }\) \(\newcommand {\pV }{\pico \volt }\) \(\newcommand {\nV }{\nano \volt }\) \(\newcommand {\uV }{\micro \volt }\) \(\newcommand {\mV }{\milli \volt }\) \(\newcommand {\V }{\volt }\) \(\newcommand {\kV }{\kilo \volt }\) \(\newcommand {\W }{\watt }\) \(\newcommand {\uW }{\micro \watt }\) \(\newcommand {\mW }{\milli \watt }\) \(\newcommand {\kW }{\kilo \watt }\) \(\newcommand {\MW }{\mega \watt }\) \(\newcommand {\GW }{\giga \watt }\) \(\newcommand {\J }{\joule }\) \(\newcommand {\uJ }{\micro \joule }\) \(\newcommand {\mJ }{\milli \joule }\) \(\newcommand {\kJ }{\kilo \joule }\) \(\newcommand {\eV }{\electronvolt }\) \(\newcommand {\meV }{\milli \electronvolt }\) \(\newcommand {\keV }{\kilo \electronvolt }\) \(\newcommand {\MeV }{\mega \electronvolt }\) \(\newcommand {\GeV }{\giga \electronvolt }\) \(\newcommand {\TeV }{\tera \electronvolt }\) \(\newcommand {\kWh }{\kilo \watt \hour }\) \(\newcommand {\F }{\farad }\) \(\newcommand {\fF }{\femto \farad }\) \(\newcommand {\pF }{\pico \farad }\) \(\newcommand {\K }{\mathrm {K}}\) \(\newcommand {\dB }{\mathrm {dB}}\) \(\newcommand {\kibi }{\mathrm {Ki}}\) \(\newcommand {\mebi }{\mathrm {Mi}}\) \(\newcommand {\gibi }{\mathrm {Gi}}\) \(\newcommand {\tebi }{\mathrm {Ti}}\) \(\newcommand {\pebi }{\mathrm {Pi}}\) \(\newcommand {\exbi }{\mathrm {Ei}}\) \(\newcommand {\zebi }{\mathrm {Zi}}\) \(\newcommand {\yobi }{\mathrm {Yi}}\) \(\let \unit \si \) \(\let \qty \SI \) \(\let \qtylist \SIlist \) \(\let \qtyrange \SIrange \) \(\let \numproduct \num \) \(\let \qtyproduct \SI \) \(\let \complexnum \num \) \(\newcommand {\complexqty }[3][]{(\complexnum {#2})\si {#3}}\) \(\newcommand {\toprule }[1][]{\hline }\) \(\let \midrule \toprule \) \(\let \bottomrule \toprule \) \(\def \LWRbooktabscmidruleparen (#1)#2{}\) \(\newcommand {\LWRbooktabscmidrulenoparen }[1]{}\) \(\newcommand {\cmidrule }[1][]{\ifnextchar (\LWRbooktabscmidruleparen \LWRbooktabscmidrulenoparen }\) \(\newcommand {\morecmidrules }{}\) \(\newcommand {\specialrule }[3]{\hline }\) \(\newcommand {\addlinespace }[1][]{}\) \(\require {upgreek}\) \(\def \LWRsiunitxrangephrase {\TextOrMath { }{\ }\protect \mbox {to}\TextOrMath { }{\ }}\) \(\def \LWRsiunitxdecimal {.}\)

\begin{circuitikz}[scale=1.4]\draw
  (0,0) to[C, l=10<\micro\farad>] (0,2) -- (0,3)
        to[R, l=2.2<\kilo\ohm>] (4,3) -- (4,2)
        to[L, l=12<\milli\henry>, i=$i_1$,v=b] (4,0) -- (0,0)
  (4,2) to[D*, color=red] (2,0)
  (0,2) to[R, l=1<\kilo\ohm>, *-] (2,2)
        to[cV, i=1, -*, v=$\SI{.3}{\kilo\ohm}\, i_1$] (4,2)
  (2,0) to[I, i=1<\milli\ampere>, *-*] (2,2)
;\end{circuitikz}

\begin{circuitikz}[scale=1.2]\draw
  (0,0) node[ground] {}
        to[V=$e(t)$, *-*] (0,2) to[C=4<\nano\farad>] (2,2)
        to[R, l_=.25<\kilo\ohm>, *-*] (2,0)
  (2,2) to[R=1<\kilo\ohm>] (4,2)
        to[C, l_=2<\nano\farad>, *-*] (4,0)
  (5,0) to[I, i_=$a(t)$, -*] (5,2) -- (4,2)
  (0,0) -- (5,0)
  (0,2) -- (0,3) to[L, l=2<\milli\henry>] (5,3) -- (5,2)

 {[anchor=south east] (0,2) node {1} (2,2) node {2} (4,2) node {3}}
;
\end{circuitikz}

\begin{circuitikz}[scale=1.2]\draw
  (0,0) node[anchor=east] {B}
        to[short, o-*] (1,0)
        to[R=20<\ohm>, *-*] (1,2)
        to[R=10<\ohm>, v=$v_x$] (3,2) -- (4,2)
        to[cI=$\frac{\si{\siemens}}{5} v_x$, *-*] (4,0) -- (3,0)
        to[R=5<\ohm>, *-*] (3,2)
  (3,0) -- (1,0)
  (1,2) to[short, -o] (0,2) node[anchor=east]{A}
;\end{circuitikz}

\begin{circuitikz}[scale=1]\draw
   (0,0) node[transformer] (T) {}
   (T.B2) to[pD] ($(T.B2)+(2,0)$) -| (3.5, -1)
   (T.B1) to[pD] ($(T.B1)+(2,0)$) -| (3.5, -1)
;\end{circuitikz}

\begin{circuitikz}[scale=1]\draw
    (5,.5) node [op amp] (opamp) {}
    (0,0) node [left] {$U_{we}$} to [R, l=$R_d$, o-*] (2,0)
    to [R, l=$R_d$, *-*] (opamp.+)
    to [C, l_=$C_{d2}$, *-] ($(opamp.+)+(0,-2)$) node [ground] {}
    (opamp.out) |- (3.5,2) to [C, l_=$C_{d1}$, *-] (2,2) to [short] (2,0)
    (opamp.-) -| (3.5,2)
    (opamp.out) to [short, *-o] (7,.5) node [right] {$U_{wy}$}
;\end{circuitikz}

\begin{circuitikz}[scale=1.2, american]\draw
  (0,2) to[I=1<\milli\ampere>] (2,2)
        to[R, l_=2<\kilo\ohm>, *-*] (0,0)
        to[R, l_=2<\kilo\ohm>] (2,0)
        to[V, v_=2<\volt>] (2,2)
        to[cspst, l=$t_0$] (4,2) -- (4,1.5)
        to [generic, i=$i_1$, v=$v_1$] (4,-.5) -- (4,-1.5)
  (0,2) -- (0,-1.5) to[V, v_=4<\volt>] (2,-1.5)
        to [R, l=1<\kilo\ohm>] (4,-1.5);

   \begin{scope}[xshift=6.5cm, yshift=.5cm]
       \draw [->] (-2,0) -- (2.5,0) node[anchor=west] {$v_1/\si{\volt}$};
    \draw [->] (0,-2) -- (0,2) node[anchor=west] {$i_1/\si{\milli\ampere}$} ;
    \draw (-1,0) node[anchor=north] {-2} (1,0) node[anchor=south] {2}
          (0,1) node[anchor=west] {4} (0,-1) node[anchor=east] {-4}
          (2,0) node[anchor=north west] {4}
          (-1.5,0) node[anchor=south east] {-3};
    \draw [thick] (-2,-1) -- (-1,1) -- (1,-1) -- (2,0) -- (2.5,.5);
    \draw [dotted] (-1,1) -- (-1,0) (1,-1) -- (1,0)
          (-1,1) -- (0,1) (1,-1) -- (0,-1);
   \end{scope}
\end{circuitikz}

   \begin{circuitikz}[scale=1]
       \ctikzset{bipoles/detector/width=.35}
       \ctikzset{quadpoles/coupler/width=1}
       \ctikzset{quadpoles/coupler/height=1}
       \ctikzset{tripoles/wilkinson/width=1}
       \ctikzset{tripoles/wilkinson/height=1}
       %\draw[help lines,red,thin,dotted] (0,-5) grid (5,5);
       \draw
       (-2,0) node[wilkinson](w1){}
       (2,0) node[coupler] (c1) {}
       (0,2) node[coupler,rotate=90] (c2) {}
       (0,-2) node[coupler,rotate=90] (c3) {}
       (w1.out1) .. controls ++(0.8,0) and ++(0,0.8) .. (c3.port3)
       (w1.out2) .. controls ++(0.8,0) and ++(0,-0.8) .. (c2.port4)
       (c1.port1) .. controls ++(-0.8,0) and ++(0,0.8) .. (c3.port2)
       (c1.port4) .. controls ++(-0.8,0) and ++(0,-0.8) .. (c2.port1)
       (w1.in) to[short,-o] ++(-1,0)
       (w1.in) node[left=30] {LO}
       (c1.port2) node[match,yscale=1] {}
       (c1.port3) to[short,-o] ++(1,0)
       (c1.port3) node[right=30] {RF}
       (c2.port3) to[detector,-o] ++(0,1.5)
       (c2.port2) to[detector,-o] ++(0,1.5)
       (c3.port1) to[detector,-o] ++(0,-1.5)
       (c3.port4) to[detector,-o] ++(0,-1.5)
       ;
   \end{circuitikz}

\ctikzloadstyle{romano}
\scalebox{0.707}{%
\begin{circuitikz}[american, romano circuit style]
    \ctikzset{bipoles/cuteswitch/thickness=0.5}
    \draw (0,0) node[ground](GND0){} to[sV, l=$v_{cm}$] ++(0,1)
    to [R, l=$R_c$, -*] ++(0,1.5) coordinate(vcm) --++(0,0.5) coordinate(diffc);
    \draw (diffc) -| ++(-0.5, 0.5) to[sV,l=$v_+$, name=vplus] ++(0,1) --++(0,2)
    -- ++(2.5,0) coordinate(skin+ a) to[battery2, l=$E_+$, name=eplus] ++(1,0)
    to[R=$R_+$, name=rplus] ++(2,0) coordinate(skin+ b) -- ++(0.5,0)
    -- ++(4,0) coordinate(hpin+) to[highpass] ++(2,0)
    node[inst amp, anchor=+, noinv input up,
    circuitikz/amplifiers/scale=1.6,
    circuitikz/tripoles/inst amp/width=1](LNA){LNA}
    (LNA.out);
    \coordinate (skin- a) at (LNA.- -| skin+ a);
    \draw (diffc) -| ++(0.5,0.5) to[sV,l_=$v_-$, name=vminus] ++(0, 1) |- (skin- a);
    \draw (skin- a) to[battery2, l_=$E_-$, name=eminus] ++(1,0)
    to[R, l_=$R_-$, name=rminus] ++(2,0) coordinate(skin- b) -- ++(2.5,0)
    -- (skin- b -| hpin+) to[highpass] (LNA.-);
    \coordinate (gnd a) at (vcm -| skin+ a);
    \draw (vcm) -- (gnd a) to[battery2, l_=$E_\mathrm{gnd}$, name=egnd] ++(1,0)
    to[R, l_=$R_\mathrm{gnd}$, name=rgnd] ++(2,0) coordinate(gnd b);
    % switch set
    \def\swdown{-3.2}
    \draw (skin- b) ++(1,0) coordinate(sw1) to[cosw, invert, mirror, l=1, *-, name=s1] ++(0,\swdown) to[short, -*] ++(0, -1.5);
    \draw (sw1) ++(1,0) coordinate(sw2) to[cosw, invert, mirror, l=2, *-] ++(0,\swdown) to[R=$R$, -*] ++(0, -1.5);
    \draw (sw2|-skin+ b) ++(1,0) coordinate(sw3) to[short, *-] (sw3|-sw2) to[cosw, invert, mirror, l=3,] ++(0,\swdown) to[R=$R$, -*] ++(0, -1.5);
    \draw (sw3) ++(1,0) coordinate(sw4) to[short, *-] (sw4|-sw2) to[cosw, invert, mirror, l=4, name=s4] ++(0,\swdown) to[short] ++(0, -1.5) coordinate(endsw);
    \draw (gnd b) |- (endsw) node[rectjoinfill]{};
    % boxes
    \node [rectangle, draw, dashed, fit=(GND0) (vplus) (vpluslabel) (vminuslabel)](body){};
    \node [anchor=south east, align=center] at (body.south east) {Body} ;
    \node [rectangle, draw, dashed, fit=(rplus) (eplus) (epluslabel) (rpluslabel)](top){};
    \node [rectangle, draw, dashed, fit=(eminus) (rminus) (eminuslabel) (rminuslabel)](bot){};
    \node [anchor=center, align=center] at ($(top.south)!0.5!(bot.north)$) {electrodes} ;
    \node [rectangle, draw, dashed, fit=(egnd) (rgnd) (egndlabel) (rgndlabel)](gnd){};
    \node [below, align=center] at (gnd.south) {ground\\ electrode} ;
    \node [rectangle, draw, dashed, fit=(s1) (s4label), inner ysep=8pt](switches){};
    % ADC and micro
    \draw (LNA.out) -- ++(0.5,0) node[msport,circuitikz/RF/scale=2](ADC){ADC};
    \draw (ADC.right) -- ++(0.5,0) node[twoportshape, anchor=left, t=$\upmu$C](uC){};
    \draw (uC.south) -- (uC.south |- switches.east) -- ++(-4,0)
    node[align=left, anchor=east](DCS){\small digitally\\ controlled\\ switches};
    \draw[-Stealth] (DCS.west) -- (switches.east);
    % components
    \node [anchor=north west] at ([xshift=-10pt, yshift=-5pt]switches.south east) {ADG1414};
    \node [anchor=north west] at ([yshift=-5pt]LNA.refv down) {AD8429};
\end{circuitikz}
} % scalebox

\documentclass{standalone}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}

\usepackage[compatibility]{circuitikzgit}
\ctikzset{bipoles/length=.9cm}

\begin{document}
 \begin{tikzpicture}[circuit ee IEC]
  \draw (0,0) to [resistor={name=R}] (0,2)
   to[diode={name=D}] (3,2);
  \draw (0,0) to[*R=$R_1$] (1.5,0) to[*Tnpn] (3,0)
    to[*D](3,2);
 \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

\begin{circuitikz}[smallR/.style={european resistor, resistors/scale=0.5}]
    \draw (0,0) node[tacdcshape, anchor=ac mid in](acdc){} to[smallR] ++(-2,0)
        -- coordinate(point) node[circ](){} ++(-.5,0);
    \draw (acdc.ac up in)
        to[nos, invert, mirror, name=switch,color=red] ++(-2,0)
        -- (point);
    \draw (acdc.ac down in) to[smallR] ++(-2,0)
        -- (point)
        to[oosourcetrans,prim=wye,sec=delta,l=transformer] ++(-1.5,0)
        to[tmultiwire] ++(-.5,0)
        node[gridnode, anchor=right]{};
    \node[above=.3cm,color=red] at (switch) {fault};
    \draw (acdc.dc up out) to[smallR,l=HVDC line] ++(2,0 )
        node[tdcacshape, anchor=dc up in](dcac){};
    \draw (acdc.dc down out) -- (dcac.dc down in);
    \draw (dcac.right)
        to[ooosource,prim=delta,sec=delta,tert=wye,invert] ++(1.5,0)
        to[tmultiwire] ++(.5,0) node[gridnode,anchor=left]{};
\end{circuitikz}

\tikzset{mypic/.pic = {
    \draw (0,0) coordinate(-in)
    % unnamed component
    to[R=#1] ++(2,1)
    % named component
    to[leD*, diodes/scale=0.6, led arrows from cathode,
        name=-led, l=label, v]
    ++(2,-1) coordinate(-out);
    }
}
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \ctikzset{voltage=raised}
    \draw (0,0) to[R] ++(2,1);
    \begin{scope}[xshift=2cm,
        name prefix=inner-
        ]
        \draw (0,0) to[R, name=r, i<] ++(2,1);
    \end{scope}
    \draw (4,0) pic(P){mypic=PR};
    \node[circ] at (inner-r) {};
    \node[circ, cyan] at (inner-r-Ipos) {};
    \node[circ, red] at (P-led) {};
    \node[circ, blue] at (P-ledlabel) {};
    \node[circ, green] at (P-led-Vto) {};
    \node[circ, purple] at (P-led-Vfrom) {};
    \draw (4,0) pic[rotate=-60, scale=0.7, transform shape](P2){mypic=P2R};
    \node[circ, red] at (P2-led) {};
    \node[circ, blue] at (P2-ledlabel) {};
    \node[circ, green] at (P2-led-Vto) {};
    \node[circ, purple] at (P2-led-Vfrom) {};
    %% extra data
    \node[right] at (0, -1) {DIR: \ctikzgetdirection{inner-r}};
    \node[right] at (0, -1.5) {ANC: \ctikzgetanchor{P-led}{Vlab}};
    \node[right] at (0, -2) {Iarr: \ctikzgetdirection{inner-r-Iarrow}};
    \node[right] at (0, -2.5) {LAB: \ctikzgetdirection{P2-ledlabel}};
\end{tikzpicture}

%% This can go to your preamble and/or a style file!
%% setup voltage drawing macro: european style, but adding "+" and "-"
\newcommand\eurVPMstyled[4]{% node, label, style, one ignored arguments
    \draw [thin, -{Stealth[width=4pt]}, shorten >=5pt, shorten <=5pt, #3]
        % NOTICE that boldmath requires double braces to work in nodes
        % see https://tex.stackexchange.com/q/487777/38080
        (#1-Vfrom) node[font=\tiny]{{\boldmath$\vphantom{+}-$}}
        .. controls (#1-Vcont1) and (#1-Vcont2)..
        (#1-Vto) node[font=\tiny]{{\boldmath$+$}}
        node[pos=0.5,anchor=\ctikzgetanchor{#1}{Vlab}]{#2};
}
% voltage shift must go after the "european voltage, v" pair
\ctikzset{vpms/.style 2 args={european voltages, v, voltage shift=2,
    vif queue add={eurVPMstyled}{#1}{#2}{}}}
\ctikzactivatevoltagedirections{vpms}
% setup flow drawing macro: squiggle for power flux
%% requires \usetikzlibrary{decorations, decorations.pathmorphing}
\tikzset{ lray/.style={decorate, decoration={
    snake, amplitude=2pt,pre length=1pt,post length=2pt, segment length=5pt,},
    -Triangle}}
\newcommand\flowpow[4]{% node, label, color
    \draw [lray, #3 ] (#1-Ffrom) -- (#1-Fto)
    node [anchor=\ctikzgetanchor{#1}{Flab}, inner sep=4pt]
    at (#1-Fpos) {#2};}
\ctikzset{fpow/.style 2 args={f, vif queue add={flowpow}{#1}{#2}{}}}
\ctikzactivateflowdirections{fpow}
% setup current drawing macros: 6 mm with Stealth arrow on the line, dark green
\newcommand{\inlinecurrent}[4]{% node, label
    \draw [-{Stealth[scale=1.5]}, thick, color=green!50!black]
    ($(#1-Ipos)!3mm!(#1-Ifrom)$) -- ($(#1-Ipos)!3mm!(#1-Ito)$)
    node [midway, inner sep=6pt, anchor=\ctikzgetanchor{#1}{Ilab}] {#2};
}
\ctikzset{iline/.style ={i, vif queue add={inlinecurrent}{#1}{}{}}}
\ctikzactivatecurrentdirections{iline}
%% setup end
%
% Let's draw our circuit!
%
% % "use auto vif" only needed if using old (before 2020) LaTeX or Plain or ConTeXt
\begin{circuitikz}[use auto vif]
    \draw (0,0) to[R=$R_1$, iline={$i$}, vpms={$v_1$}{dashed}] ++(4,0)
    to[R, l_=$R_2$, vpms^>={$v_2$}{blue}, fpow_={$P$}{red}] ++(4,0)
    to[L=$L$, i=$i$, v=$v_L$, f>^=$P_L$] ++(4,0); % traditional still working!
\end{circuitikz}